A new trend in farm equipment starts to take hold
AUGUST 2022
by Katherine Loving, Contributing Columnist
It’s no surprise that sensitivity to fuel costs and a growing desire for energy independence are driving innovation in electric vehicles. Similarly, these factors are creating increased interest in electric farming equipment.
Electric tractors, like the John Deere SESAM, are now available from multiple manufacturers. (Photo Courtesy: John Deere)
Operating a farm traditionally depends on oil and gas to keep the machinery operating. Fuel costs affect the bottom line of agricultural production and are a major driver of food prices and farming revenue.
One major new change for farming equipment is the trend of switching fossil fuel-powered equipment to electric equipment.
REPLACING DIESEL
Electric tractors are now available from multiple manufacturers, as well as niche, electric-only companies. Replacing diesel motors with electric motors comes with several benefits. Highly efficient electric motors can operate at 90% thermal efficiency, which helps to provide cost savings over time, compared with diesel motors that operate at 30% to 40% thermal efficiency.
But there are significant barriers to electric farming technologies. Electric tractors cost about one-third more than traditional tractors. Battery life for electric tractors typically ranges from three to six hours, depending on hauling weight and workload. That can be prohibitive for many larger farms where tractors are expected to run all day doing heavy-duty work.
While battery life can be problematic, advancements have been made over the last few years. Some tractors can carry two batteries, allowing for a midday switch without returning the tractor to a charging point. At this stage of development, electric tractors are likely better suited to smaller farms or vineyards.
OTHER CHOICES
There are additional electric equipment options available for the farm. Utility terrain vehicles tend to look more like their gas-powered counterparts in terms of capability and price, making them an easier entry into electric equipment on the farm.
The future of electrification on farms may be focused on renewable energy, either in the form of solar power or waste heat recovery systems.
Researchers are looking into the feasibility of placing solar panels on farms coupled with a battery storage system, then using that system as a fuel source for electric tractor batteries. Solar power is already being used to directly power autonomous precision sprayers for row crops.
There are still limitations on heavy-duty use of electric farming equipment, but research and development will continue until these electric technologies are on par with their diesel or gas counterparts.
With more time and investment, electric farming equipment will likely become more widespread in the coming years.
Katherine Loving writes on consumer and cooperative affairs for the National Rural Electric Cooperative Association.